Download New NR 503 Week 4 Midterm Quiz (20 Questions) 30 minutes

Download New NR 503 Week 4 Midterm Quiz

1. Question: What does “OECD” stand for?
2. Question: The Commonwealth Fund’s Biennial Health Insurance Survey assesses the extent and quality of coverage for U.S. working-age
3. Question: In 2018, adults aged 18 to 64 in states with a(n) ———– marketplace were more likely to be uninsured than those in states with a state-based marketplace or states with a hybrid marketplace.
4. Question: The reader learns how to identify population parameters, the potential impact of a population-based approach to care, and the importance of designing nursing interventions at the population level in ———- nursing practice.
5. Question: What does “ANA” stand for?
6. Question: For 20 years, he ————————– has been advocating for healthcare reforms that would guarantee access to high-quality healthcare for all.
7. Question: As with any potential threat to health, education of our youth and 9adult populations regarding the deleterious effects of hookahs is paramount to reducing the potential ——————- and mortality of long-term exposure to these flavored tobaccos.
8. Question: During the same time period, no change was found in the use of other —————- products (including cigarettes) (CDC, 2019d). 2
9. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: The ———— and smoke from hookahs have toxic properties and have been linked to various cancers, including lung and oral cancers.
10. Question: The implementation of standard or proven (evidence-based) strategies to prevent illness and/or improve the health of targeted groups of people can have the effect of ameliorating health problems in the population and/or —————-
11. Question: Building on earlier studies that linked smoking in adulthood with ACEs, Brown et al. (2010) discovered a relationship between a history of ACEs and the risk of dying from ——————–
12. Question: More and more studies are being conducted to look at the relationship of sustained ————— to toxic stress to a variety of poor health outcomes and high-risk behaviors.
13. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Many additional studies have been conducted that demonstrate the destructive effects of _____________ to toxic stress.
14. Question: The APRN needs to take into consideration the many facets of health and disease, genetics, and ___________, including human attitudes, attributes, and behavior when determining how to implement a population-based intervention.
15. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Several factors, such as the physical ___________, healthcare systems, personal behaviors, and the social ______________, can have a deleterious impact on individual and community health.
16. Question: Outcomes ______________ in population-based care begins with the identification of the population and the problem, followed by the generation of a clinical question related to outcomes.
17. Question: ______________ and super utilization of services are costly in dollars to both consumers and hospitals and negatively impact the quality of life for patients.
18. Question: ___________ goals are to equip care providers with tools, information, and other interventions to help people with MCC and to support targeted research about individuals with MCC and effective interventions.

Chapter 2 

1. Question: By comparing outcomes, APRNs can advocate for needed resources and changes in policies at local, regional, state, and/or national levels by identifying areas for improvement in practice, by comparing evidence needed for effective practice, and by better understanding health
2. Question: Establishing the impact takes time and requires using an evaluation that is able to link interventions to long-term outcomes such as reducing disease ________ and mortality at the population level.
3. Question: Identifying population-level healthcare needs and healthcare disparities can improve ________ in health outcomes at all levels.
4. Question: Vital ____________ provides important outcome measures that APRNs can monitor and compare over time and analyze by demographic _________ to detect such things as health
5. Question: The National Vital Statistics System provides information about state and local vital statistics, including teen birth rates, prenatal care, birth weights, risk factors related to poor pregnancy outcomes, __________ mortality rates, life expectancy, and leading causes of death (www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss).
6. Question: The redesign emphasized content with a strong link to public health, such as intermediate health outcomes for leading causes of _________/mortality.
7. Question: When combined with an evidence-based practice approach, outcomes can help provide standards or parameters for developing innovative interventions, instituting approaches more likely to impact the problem, and/or developing new practice _______ or protocols.
8. Question: In 1994, the American Nurses Association (ANA) developed Nursing’s Safety and Quality Initiative, which initiated studies of patient safety with the goal of advocating _____
9. Question: The TFAH’s work is centered on three main principles (prevention, protection, and communities) and is a resource for issues such as public health funding, obesity, substance abuse and misuse, and health
10. Question: In addition to ethnicity, other characteristics contribute to the presence of disparities or the achievement of good health such as gender; sexual orientation; geographic location; working environment; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; and ______
11. Question: The ___________ examines quality through six priority areas; person-centered care, patient safety, healthy living, effective treatment, care coordination, and care affordability.
12. Question: The resulting objectives, whether on the county, state, or national level, are intended for use by broad audiences and stakeholders to help motivate, guide, and focus action for a(n) _____
13. Question: Social _____ of health is extensively described, along with related objectives and an interventions and resources webpage.

Chapter 3

1. Question: _____ rate describes the occurrence of new disease cases in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk.
2. Question: The numerator is the number of events and the _______ is the average population size (usually estimated as a midyear population).
3. Question: The ______ and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR; located at www.cdc.gov/mmwr) is a publication of the CDC and contains updated information on the incidence and prevalence of many diseases and conditions.
4. Question: The use of the web is helpful for visualizing how difficult it is to untangle the many events that can precede the onset of a chronic
5. Question: The time from which a patient is diagnosed earlier from screening is the lead time, and the _____ is the error that occurs as a result of concluding that screening leads to a longer _____ after
6. Question: Survival time is generally calculated from the time of ______ or from the start of treatment.
7. Question: By comparing _____ rates among population groups that vary in one or more risk factors, the APRN can begin to get some idea of the association between risk factors and disease.
8. Question: The importance of having the knowledge and skills to interpret and ______ survival data cannot be understated.
9. Question: ______, whether point or period, cannot give us an estimate of the risk of disease; it can only tell us about the burden of disease for a specified period of time.
10. Question: Those diseases that are rapidly fatal may not necessarily be beneficial to screen unless the _____ will allow for a cure or treatment to change the overall outcome or to prevent the unnecessary spread of the disease.
11. Question: Correlation studies must be interpreted with caution, but important information can be obtained from the ______ that could identify disparities and lead to further studies and hypothesis testing.
12. Question: The _____ led the authors to conclude that it is important to develop a predictive model for fall risk in the community-dwelling elderly.
13. Question: In ecologic studies, rates are ______for characteristics that describe populations and are used to compare frequencies between different groups at the same time or the same group at different times.
14. Question: If an association exists between the exposure and the outcome, then the _______ rate in the exposed group will be greater than that in the non-exposed group.
15. Question: The longer the time period, the more likely participants will be lost to follow-up, and multiple exposures can potentially _______ the relationship.
16. Question: In case-control studies, the _______ begins with cases and controls and goes back retrospectively to look for exposures.
17. Question: One of the recommendations for cervical _________ is that women aged 21 to 65 should get a Pap smear every 3 years.
18. Question: The preclinical period should be sufficient to allow treatment before symptoms appear so that early ______ and treatment make a difference in terms of outcome.
19. Question: Screening is a tool used to detect disease in groups of asymptomatic individuals with the goal of reducing and/or preventing _______ and mortality.
20. Question: _______ prevention measures are carried out during the preclinical or presymptomatic stage of the disease.
21. Question: APRNs can use their understanding of _______l methods in concert with their clinical expertise to develop policies and implement and evaluate new programs and interventions to improve population outcomes.

Chapter 4 

1. Question: Such things as how the study design is selected, how subjects are selected, how information is collected, how the study is carried out (the conduct), or how the study is interpreted by ______ are all forms of potential bias.
2. Question: _______ should be avoided when possible, but if it is recognized, it should be acknowledged in the interpretation of results and addressed in the study discussion.
3. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: The objective is to include a set of variables that are theoretically or actually correlated with both the intervention and the outcome to reduce the______ of treatment effect.
4. Question: Publication _____, refers to the tendency of peer-reviewed journals to publish a higher percentage of studies with significant results than those studies with nonsignificant or negative statistical results.
5. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: An APRN needs to be aware of both publication and citation (additional types of information, particularly when carrying out systematic reviews or meta-analyses.
6. Question: When using data or working with data sets, it is critical to understand that mistakes can occur where _______ are involved.
7. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Systematic errors occur not as the result of chance but because of inherent inaccuracies in _______.
8. Question: Whenever two or more factors or exposures are being studied simultaneously, the possibility of ______
9. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence:______ occurs when one factor impacts another such that 94one sees a greater or lesser effect than would be expected by one factor alone.
10. Question: Another problem encountered in research occurs when __________ or subjects themselves have an effect on study results.
11. Question: The method for ________ data can help reduce problems related to confounding.
12. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Patients who are assigned to one group or another and crossover intentionally or accidentally to the other group should be _______ according to their original assignment.
13. Question: The _______ appears frequently in the______, and the APRN should be familiar with its use and limitations.
14. Question: Scientific ______ refers to _______ with our current body of 97knowledge as it relates to the _______ under study.
15. Question: Avoiding subjective criteria is important as it can lead to inconsistent ______ of criteria.
16. Question: To decrease the_____ of bias definite criteria should be used so that there is no _______ about how to distinguish between a case and a control.
17. Question: The CONSORT checklist items focus on reporting how the trial was designed, analyzed, and interpreted; the flow diagram displays the progress of all ______ through the trial.
18. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the __________ must be precise and spelled out in advance.
19. Question: In a case-control study, the______, first identifies a group of individuals with the attribute of interest (cases), and a second group is identified without the attribute of interest (controls).

Chapter 5

1. Question: Well-designed ______ and case-control studies are acceptable alternatives when RCTs are not an option.
2. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: A well-designed, prospective ______ study has the potential to provide better evidence than a poorly designed RCT.
3. Question: Direct care nurses use data to assess the performance of their units on important patient care indicators (such as falls) and record patient information into_______ health records that may be linked with larger databases or registries.
4. Question: Patrician, Loan, McCarthy, Brosch, and Davey (2010) described the creation of the nurse-______ indicators for the military nursing outcomes database (MilNOD).
5. Question: The search of the ______ can be conducted by the APRN or the APRN can engage the assistance of a research ______ if available.
6. Question: Nurses require several skills to become ________ of evidence-based care and to improve clinical outcomes.
7. Question: A search of electronic ______ does not complete the search for the most current known evidence about a topic.
8. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: A hand search of current and relevant journals may reveal information that has not yet been entered into an electronic ______
9. Question: The APRN should use at least two databases for the literature ______
10. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: The first step is to ______ each key term separately and then to take steps to refine the search.
11. Question: What does “EOL” stand for? ________
12. Question: An APRN who works in long-term care (LTC) may observe that the nursing staff, especially the nursing assistants, working in LTC facilities lack knowledge and training in ______ (EOL) care.
13. Question: The lack of concealed randomized _______ increases the risk of
14. Question: Quasi-experimental studies The main distinction between randomized and quasi-experimental studies is the way in which ________are allocated to the intervention and control groups; quasi-experimental studies do not use random assignment to create the comparison groups.
15. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: The simplest form of RCTs is known as the parallel-group trial, which randomizes eligible _______ to two or more groups, treats according to assignment, and compares the groups with respect to outcomes of interest.
16. Question: A hierarchical level-of-evidence approach is a useful way to rank evidence according to its strength and helps to remove subjectivity from the
17. Question: In 1999, the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) published evidence-based guidelines for _____ fasting in ____ patients undergoing _______ procedures.
18. Question: The researchers define midlines as “internalized guidelines that are formed primarily from ____ with colleagues and people perceived as opinion leaders.”
19. Question: Many national and ______ studies have explored the reasons for nurses not keeping up to date in their practice.
20. Question: The authors identified the difficulty of changing entrenched traditions as one reason that preoperative fasting in excess of evidence-based ________
21. Question: The ______ programs must be culturally _______, and staff education is ______ to ensure effective and accurate delivery of information.
22. Question: Developed by Bernadette Melnyk and the faculty of the School of Nursing at the _______ in 1999, it was originally designed to bring academic communities together with acute and community-based healthcare organizations.
23. Question: The team created a plan to increase the _______ rates of the clinic population.

Chapter 6

1. Question: Many people are still unable to afford or access_______; those in rural areas often cite limited high-speed ________ in their community as an issue.
2. Question: The Pew Internet Project tracks Internet use in many fields and reports that social ________ influence access to and use of online searches for health information.
3. Question: Researchers studied the use of mobile technology by a population of parents using pediatric care centers that serve primarily urban, low-income, African American patients.
4. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Many people are still unable to afford or access _______; those in rural areas often cite limited high-speed Internet availability in their community as an issue.
5. Question: Several factors appear to make the public more vulnerable to misinformation on such sites including the degree to which the individual may be socially isolated, dependent on the people _____, and excessively trusting in the veracity of online information.
6. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Studies have shown that the_______ provides both accurate and inaccurate information.
7. Question: APRNs have an opportunity to better serve their population by helping people ______ use the Internet wisely and directing them to sites that provide evidence-based information and privacy protection.
8. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: There are many studies that illustrate the importance of being vigilant in knowing the patterns of Internet use by ________.
9. Question: The researchers … that the information that was most likely to … by searchers is substandard because quality sites may … further down in the
10. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Chan et al. (2012) _____ the Internet using three different Internet search engines for websites that provide health-related information for gastrointestinal cancers.
11. Question: Recognizing distance to medical clinics or hospitals was a key _____ to access for rural residents, the researchers … a collaborative effort to improve ______ to services and … this with a ________
12. Question: Many studies have been … to determine how the use of ______ can improve specific population outcomes and self-care behaviors alone and in combination with other interventions.
13. Question: Avdal, Kizilci, and Demirel (2011) … transportation as an important _______ to accessing care in rural communities and in urban areas with poor public transportation.
14. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Recognizing distance to medical clinics or hospitals was a key _______ to access for rural residents, the researchers … a collaborative effort to improve transportation to services and … this with a telehealth-based counseling program.
15. Question: The Internet can be a valuable tool for patient care, communication, and social ________ and for boosting one’s career, but nurses have also been fired, lost their licenses, and … bullying, all within the context of social media.
16. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Software apps that can … to mobile devices and … on a regular basis make available immediate and important information (such as drug ________/calculations) to APRNs and other healthcare providers.
17. Question: APRNs should evaluate their _______ and other technological resources carefully and use them to advance their practices to provide the latest evidence-based care possible.
18. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: The _______ can be a valuable tool for patient care, communication, and social interaction and for boosting one’s career, but nurses have also been fired, lost their licenses, and … bullying, all within the context of social media.

Chapter 8

1. Question: What does “NCQA” stand for? ________
2. Question: What does “CHF” stand for? ____________
3. Question: Nash, Reifsnyder, Fabius, and Pracilio (2011) explain that the concept of population health includes an … system of care across the ________
4. Question: Care of a patient across the _____________ requires consistent and cogent processes and systems.
5. Question: Governance provides for a(n) ________ process to learn and apply the use of the many tools in the Six Sigma tool chest, many of which have a heavy statistical process control overlay.
6. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Six Sigma leadership uses an ______ process in the form of various “belts” for certification.
7. Question: So one of the PDSA cycles … to guide the ________ of the bundle relates to the use of this checklist.
8. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Other __________ strategies include developing measurement mechanisms and ensuring adequate supplies to guarantee sterile 189technique on insertion and availability of chlorhexidine and other important adjuncts to reducing the CLABSI rate in hospitals (CDC Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2018b).
9. Question: A well-defined scorecard at the enterprise level, which is … across several categories relating to the _______ experience, is a useful and important tool for senior leadership and governance.
10. Question: Completion of a health risk _______ is often a key component of lifestyle management programs.
11. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: The extent of outreach is … by various levels of acuity, and the frequency of patient contact may depend on clinical ______and care planning.
12. Question: A plan for piloting or testing the remedies is well-defined, engages the full team, considers the cost of___________ and decision-making therein, and defines whether or not they are sufficient to achieve the … improvement.
13. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Other _______ strategies include developing measurement mechanisms and ensuring adequate supplies to guarantee sterile 189technique on insertion and availability of chlorhexidine and other important adjuncts to reducing the CLABSI rate in hospitals (CDC Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2018b).
14. Question: Patients move across a(n) _________ from good health to the end of life and enter a variety of settings in doing so.
15. Question: The emphasis from a clinical quality perspective in H&W programs is on_______ care, early recognition of the emerging disease, and use of appropriate… screening tools.
16. Question: Since the late 1990s, data sets, external comparisons, and guidance for … numerator and denominator have … across the patient ________ of care.
17. Question: The same answer also completes the following sentence: Patients move across a _________ from good health to the end of life and enter a variety of settings in doing so.
18. Question: APRNs who have responsibilities regardless of the setting can strengthen a program design by ensuring that outcome measures are … in evaluating program _________ and incorporating a blend of process and outcome measures in quality program development.
19. Question: The same answer also completes the following
    

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